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This countercurrent forms just north of the equator in the region between the north equatorial current and the south equatorial current and flows in the opposite direction. If the seafloor is shallower than this depth the net direction of water movement is not as deflected compared to the air current. If a water column is isopycnal,__________________ is constant with depth. In the Indian Ocean, the westward-flowing South Equatorial Current is well-developed only south of the equator. The Southern Oscillation is a see-saw shift in surface air pressure between the eastern and western halves of the Pacific. Kelp forests are often destroyed by storms and ocean swells. Primary References:NCERT Geography,Spectrums Geography [Amazon and Flipkart] and Savindra Singh[Amazon and Flipkart]. Main Office: 20 Lower Ragsdale Drive, Suite 100, Monterey, CA 93940 Surface currents are only 50 to 100 meters deep (Table 3.1). Point 3: Salinity greatly influences vertical currents and its influence on horizontal movement is less significant. Anchoveta are found in more recently upwelled waters, close to the coast. One major current, the equatorial Countercurrent (EC), appears to be an exception to the circulation pattern set up by the gyres. The current has been known to transport icebergs as far south as Bermuda and as far east as the Azores. The Marine Plastic Pollution and Control Act: prohibits dumping plastic debris everywhere in the oceans. Ocean current in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Equatorial_Current&oldid=1093325008, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking sources from December 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 June 2022, at 21:54. Which process is most important in driving the oceans' vertical circulation? Scientists collect data about El Nio and La Nia using a number of technologies. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. air warms, water vapor increases, atmosphere pressure decreases, The prevailing westerlies of the Northern Hemisphere are more steady in strength and direction than the trade winds. The properties of seawater at depth are determined by surface conditions in the area where the water sinks. Irrespective of the package you choose, Current Affairs of Geography, Environment, Sci & Tech and Indian Agriculture are available from Jan 2022. Marn1002 Ch.7-13 Questions Flashcards | Quizlet And this creates a. Piling up of water in the western pacific due to trade winds. La Nia is a climate pattern that describes the cooling of surface-ocean waters along the tropical west coast of South America. Use Advanced Search to search by activities, standards, and more. Subscribe to our newsletter and never miss an important update !! MS-ESS2-6 Develop and use a model to describe how unequal heating and rotation of the Earth cause patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. If we bring out the Updated (New) Editions of the Static Files within your membership period, you will be able to download them without paying anything extra. Part of the South Equatorial Current turns north along the coast of Somalia to become the strong Somali Current. Your email address will not be published. This current pattern is called the Ekman spiral. The deep water masses of the Pacific Ocean have uniform salinity. They are narrower, but deeper and swifter, than the other currents in the gyre. Shore-based current meters are useful when measuring surface currents. Using equilibrium tidal theory, the tide may be considered a wave with a wavelength approximately: The shape and depth of the ocean basins control the progression of the tide wave. [1] This lack of ventilation is the primary driver of an intense oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) which is formed in the sub-surface to intermediate depths. 9.5 Currents, Upwelling and Downwelling [1] Another factor contributing to the OMZ is sinking and decay of primary productive resources. The faster the water flow, the more the clod cards dissolve. Near the thermal equator, where the warmest surface water is found, there occurs the eastward-flowing Equatorial Counter Current. This is prominent poleward from 27th parallel south to 42nd parallel south. These winds pile up warm surface water in the western Pacific, so the sea surface is as much as 18 inches higher in the western Pacific than in the eastern Pacific. Upwelling is the process that brings deeper water to the surface, and its major significance is that it brings nutrient-rich deep water to the nutrient-deprived surface, stimulating primary production (see section 7.3). El Nio is a naturally occurring event in the equatorial region which causes temporary changes in the world climate. When this occurs, water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water. The distance traveled, time, and direction of a drift can be measured by an observer or GPS device. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Surface currents play an enormous role in Earth's climate. Updates? La Nia usually has a positive impact on the fishing industry of western South America. [1] This OMZ is the fourth largest permeant hypoxic zone in the world's oceans. "The Humboldt Current System: Ecosystem components and processes, fisheries, and sediment studies.". So, ruled out. Ballast water control legislation requires vessels coming into U.S. ports to: The ecology of San Francisco Bay is being disrupted by: Estuary areas and associated wetlands are generally increasing in the United States today.